"r" tensor-to-scalar ratios--Bmode-to-Emode

[r6r6]

http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/...gravity-waves/

Gravitational radiation contributes to E-mode as well, but it is the only source of B-mode polarization.

Only a small fraction of CMB photons are polarized, and of those, most are E-mode in any reasonable prediction. The goal of polarization observations involves measuring the ratio of the two modes, which would allow cosmologists to separate the contributions of gravitational waves from other effects.

That ratio (written as "r") is known prosaically as the "tensor-to-scalar" ratio, where "tensor" refers to the B-mode and "scalar" to the E-mode. A ratio of 0 means no primordial gravitational radiation exists—a result that would potentially rule inflation out."....

http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astro...e-cosmic-dawn/

The icosahedrons 31 great circles have left and right skew versions also.

B-modes spin left or right

[r6r6]

http://www.nature.com/news/how-astro...g-bang-1.14885

John KOvac..."Everyone in cosmology knows — but it is not widely appreciated — that the prediction about B modes from inflation relies not just on the phenomenon of gravitational waves but on the quantization of gravity itself. Inflation assumes that everything started out as quantum fluctuations that then got amplified by inflation. So at a very deep level, this finding relies on the connection between quantum mechanics and gravity being right."...

r6