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As early as the 1940s scientists had suggested that TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, might cross-immunise sufferers from leprosy, caused by the related Mycobacterium leprae. The idea was born when the BCG vaccine for TB occasionally appeared to be effective against leprosy as well.
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https://www.newscientist.com/article...by-rise-of-tb/
Why leprosy died out in Europe
Researchers in Switzerland say there are clues that indicate humans developed resistance to the disease
https://www.ft.com/content/df89592e-...4-00144feab7de