Zen and Dzogchen: Unifying the Ground and Result
https://selfdefinition.org/zen/Zen-a...ge-article.pdf
The spiritual teachings that have arisen within the primordial Great Wisdom Tradition of
human history have a View (darshana, theory) which explains the Ground, the great Source of
all appearing reality, and a Path (marga) which establishes theMeditation (bhavana) that seeks
the continuity of recognition of the Ground leading to the Result or Fruition of the practice.
This endpoint is “the Fruit” that is ultimate realization of our inherently nondual primordial
wisdom sourceground. This final realization is seen as the essence, if not the cause of human
happiness, and in the highest nondual teaching of each tradition as ultimate Happiness Itself
(Paramananda, Mahasuka). In Buddhism this blissful Result is Buddhahood. The Path is the
confusion of the gradual seeking strategies to this “goal” of liberation enlightenment.
Regarding the View, the teaching is generally presented exoterically. Then, as knowledge
deepens to wisdom in the “advanced” practitioner the teaching becomes more and more
esoteric (inward, secret, nondual). Regarding the View of the Fruition (result/realization) of
the Path, it may be either gradual (zengo, rim-gyis-pa), or non-gradual (sudden, tongo, cig-carba).
In actual practice these two are interdependent. We “make the goal the path.” Yet it is
urgent that we understand the subtle differences, as we shall see.
The Buddhist gradualist path (zengo) of the sutras (Hinayana and Mahayana) and outer
tantras (Vajrayana) is a linear step-by-step, cause and effect progression of practices that
purify ignorance through application of transformational "antidotes" to the obscurations or
kleshas (desire/attachment, anger/aggression, ignorance) that veil (maya, vikshepa) the “goal”
of the realization of the supreme source or Base (gzhi) as shunyata (stong-pa nyid), luminous
emptiness, the absence of inherent existence (nihsvabhavata). Ultimately, as this
enlightenment, this enlightened awareness, is stabilized, it may accomplish the Result that
is Buddhahood. On this gradual path with its ever increasing continuity of sudden
satori/samadhis (“brief moments, many times”), the practitioner becomes a Bodhisattva who
then “progresses” to ever subtler levels of demonstration of his/her enlightenment (the ten
levels or bhumis) through the everyday practice of the "perfections" (paramita) of wisdom,
compassion and meditative contemplation (quiescence/shamatha and penetrating
insight/vipashyana) on shunyata (luminous emptiness). In Zen shamatha/vipashyana is
shikantaza (joriki, advanced zazen meditation). The gradualist path "aims" at or seeks the
“goal” of shunyata realization. The aspirant works gradually on the relative conditional self
through conceptual analysis – the discriminating wisdom of prajna (sherab, sophia) until certainty is ascertained and emptiness is realized. Nagarjuna (2nd century) regularly
reminds us that the only way to realize Absolute Truth is through liberating the
obscurations arising in the world of Relative Truth. Thus, Absolute or Ultimate Truth—
shunyata—is both origin and aim. While the gradualist path of the Hinayana and the
Mahayana uses prajna, the Inner Tantras, and especially the Ati Yoga of Dzogchen, utilize the
non-coneptual, nondual innate primordial wisdom (sahajajnana, yeshe, gnosis) the natural
luminosity of essential mind nature. This blissful intuitive wisdom cannot be grasped by
discursive, conceptual analytic meditation (prajna). It can only be directly realized
(pratyaksa), suddenly, through transmission and empowerment by the master. It is then
brought to fruition by nondual meditation under the guidance of the master. This
primordial wisdom is the Buddha Nature, the tathagatagarbha, that is the primordial ground
or base (gzhi), empty in essence, luminous by nature, and compassionate in manifestation.
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