Traditional medicine is about cause and effect. You have an illness, it is caused by something and a doctor will prescribe you a medicine to combat that. A lot of times, these medicines can have side effects that can lead to something else entirely. And sometimes, they are just short term cures with the problems recurring.
Ayurveda on the other hand is about restoring the balance between the body, mind and soul. Ayurveda uses various preventive and healing therapies and methods of purification and rejuvenation. Ayurveda helps achieve longevity by promoting a proper diet, living habits and exercise, to prevent diseases and maintain health.